Lawrence
Kohlberg
was born on October
25, 1927 in Bronxville, New York. In 1973 Kohlberg developed a tropical
disease, and while hospitalized in 1987, was reported missing on January
17. His body was later recovered from a marsh; however, the exact date
of his death remains unknown. Rumor is that he committed suicide. Kohlberg
has spent many years researching how an individual develops their own
moral codes.
Kohlberg was a psychologist
who applied the developmental approach of Jean Piaget, who he studied
under, to the analysis of changes in moral reasoning. For his doctoral
research Kohlberg studied differences in children's reasoning about
moral dilemmas. Influenced by Piaget's concept of stages, Kohlberg's
theory was created based on the idea that stages of moral development
build on each other in order of importance and significance to the person.
Each stage depends on the other from simple to the complex. Each stage
also is more cognitively complex than the previous stages.
He hypothesized that moral
difficulties motivated their development through a fixed sequence of
increasingly flexible kinds of moral reasoning. He also helped to clarify
the general cognitive-developmental view of age-related changes.
Significant works:
Kohlberg, L. A. (1966) Cognitive-Developmental Analysis of Children's
Sex-Role Concepts and Attitudes. in The Development of Sex Differences,
edited by E.E. Maccoby, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,. Kohlberg,
L. Stage and Sequence: The Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Socialization.
In Handbook of Socialization:Theory in Research, Ed. D.A. Goslin. Boston:
Houghton-Mifflin, 1969. Kohlberg, L. The Philosophy of Moral Development:Essays
on Moral Development (volume I). San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1981.
Kohlberg, L. Moral Development and Behavior; Moral Stages and Moralization,
edited by Thomas Likona: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, CBS College Publishing,
1976.